能在代数上考满分或者写出出色论文的动物在动物王国里并没有，但这不意味着它们IQ低。动物王国中有的动物有着很棒的认知能力和聪明的大脑。来看看世界上最聪明的动物都有什么。
Chimpanzees 黑猩猩
Chimpanzees are our closest living relatives. We share almost 99 percent of our DNA with them. It turns out that they share some of our brain power as well. In a study published in 2007, researchers gave adult chimps, adolescent chimps, and college students the same cognitive test. The exam involved remembering wher a list of numbers—from one to nine—were located on a touch screen monitor.
黑猩猩是人类的近亲，与人类共享了将近99%的DNA。不只这样，黑猩猩还共享了人类的一部分智商。2007年，研究职员拓展了一项研究，他们分别对成年黑猩猩、未成年黑猩猩与人类大学生进行了相同的认知能力测试。该测试的内容是记住一个触摸显示屏上数字1至9的地方。
Chimps and humans alike saw the numbers in their locations for less than a second. Then they were asked to remember wher those numbers had been and show the researchers. The adult primates and humans performed about the same. But the adolescent chimps left them both in the dust. They remembered each number’s location with far better accuracy. Researchers think that these youngsters were using a type of photographic memory, which allows an individual to recall images with extremely high accuracy even if they only glanced at them for a split second.
黑猩猩和人类一样，要在不到一秒的时间内记住数字的地方，然后研究职员会让他们回忆并指出数字的地方。成年黑猩猩和人类大学生发挥的差不多，然而未成年黑猩猩的准确度令前两组望尘莫及。研究职员觉得这类年轻的黑猩猩用的是一种图形记忆办法，即便它们只瞥了一眼图形，也可以用极高的准确度回忆起来。
Goats 山羊
Scientists have thought for a long time that goats are far smarter than their unassuming demeanor leads many of us to believe. Finally, a group of researchers in Australia decided to put these barn animals to the test. To do so, they set up a contraption that held fruit at the end. To access the tasty treat, the goats had to use their teeth to drag a rope down, which activated a lever they had to lift up with their mouths. If they could figure all that out, the fruit was theirs.
科学父母期以来都觉得，看上去低调的山羊事实上比大家想象的还要聪明。有一群澳大利亚的研究职员终于决定对山羊进行测试。测试用到了一个精巧的装置，里面放着水果。为了吃到美味的水果，山羊需要要用牙拽下绳子，绳子会激活一个杠杆，然后山羊需要用嘴将杠杆抬起。假如它们能解决这类的话，里面的水果就是它们的了。
Nine out of 12 goats mastered the task after around four tries. When the researchers had all the goats try again 10 months later, the majority still remembered how to work the system.
经过4轮尝试之后，12只山羊里有9只完成了这项任务。研究职员在10个月后又对它们进行了相同的测试，发现其中大部分山羊还记得怎么样吃到装置中的水果。
Elephants 大象
Anyone who has interacted with an elephant knows these animals are very smart. But just how smart are they? Researchers have performed numerous studies on the subject. One found that elephants can understand the difference between languages and whether a man, woman, or child is speaking.
任何接触过大象的人都了解它们十分聪明。但它们有多聪明呢？研究职员对它们进行了不少项研究。其中一项研究表明大象可以分辨出人类语言的不同，与分辨出说话者是男性、女性还是孩子。
How do they know? In Africa, only certain tribes hunt down elephants. Scientists played recordings of a group that does hunt them down and one that doesn’t. When the elephants heard the recordings of the elephant-hunting group, they became fearful and moved away from wher the sound was coming from. When they heard the language of the group that doesn’t hunt them down, they didn’t move or change their disposition. Then, researchers played recordings of the language that scared them, but included women, children, and men. The elephants only became fearful when the voice came from men—they do the hunting.
研究职员又是如何了解的呢？在非洲，某些部落会猎杀大象。研究职员播放了一组猎杀大象部落的语言和一组非猎杀大象部落的语言录音。当大象听到猎杀大象部落的语言之后，它们十分恐惧并开始离得远远的声音的源头。而当它们听到的语言是非猎杀大象部落发出的，它们并没逃走。然后，研究职员又播放了会让大象恐惧的语言，但这次说话的人包含了女性、孩子和男性。大象听到男性的声音才开始表现出恐惧，由于只有男性会捕猎大象。
Dolphins 海豚
One way that scientists measure intelligence is something called the mirror-self recognition test. The idea behind this test is to determine whether an animal can recognize themselves in front of a mirror. To figure that out, scientists place a colored marking on the animal’s body. Then they place them in front of a mirror. Most often, if the animals recognize themselves, they will show signs of trying to remove the marking from their bodies, like scratching or rubbing it off.
科学家测试IQ的办法之一是镜像自我认知测试。这个测试的目的是看动物是不是能认出镜中的自己。第一科学家在被测试的动物身上放置一个有颜色的标记，然后把它们带到镜子前。一般，假如动物认出了镜中的自己，它们会表现出想弄掉标记的迹象，譬如挠掉或者蹭掉身上的标记。
Many animals don’t pass this test. When they see their reflection in the mirror they think it’s another animal of their kind, and either run away and try to fight or scare the stranger.
非常多种动物都没能通过这项测试，它们看见镜中的自己时以为是另外一只相同种类，所以它们要么逃走要么发出威胁要么试着和镜中的“敌人”打斗。
When researchers placed markings on dolphins, the aquatic critters investigated the smudges in their reflections. In other words, they knew the marking belonged to them, and not some other animal; they knew the dolphin in the mirror was them.
当研究者将标记放置在海豚身上时，这类海洋里的机灵鬼看了镜子将来发现了自己身上的标记。换句话说，它们了解标记是在自己身上，而不是在别的动物身上。它们也非常了解镜子里的海豚就是自己。
Crows 乌鸦
It’s hard to imagine that a crow could be as smart as you, or perhaps even smarter. But scientists have done a series of studies that prove that they might be just as good, or better, at solving problems. In one study, researchers gave crows and humans the same puzzle: A toy floats on TOP of water inside a tall glass, too narrow for a bird to get its beak down or for a small child to place their hands into. Children younger than eight years old are completely stumped, and generally can’t figure out a way to get the toy. But crows aren’t confused at all. They simply drop pebbles into the narrow glass. Eventually the stones displace enough water at the bottom of the glass that the toy rises to the TOP, and the birds can quickly snatch it.
你肯定想象不到乌鸦可能和你一样聪明，可能比你还要聪明。科学家为此做了一系列的研究来证明，在解决难点这一方面，乌鸦可能不比人类差。在其中的一项研究中，研究职员给了乌鸦组和人类组相同的题目。在一个装着水的高玻璃瓶里漂浮着一个小玩具，瓶口非常窄，乌鸦的嘴没办法伸进来，人类孩子也没办法把手伸进来。人类8岁以下的孩子完全懵了，根本不了解如何拿出玩具。但乌鸦完全不在话下。它们简单地将小卵石叼进玻璃瓶，最后玻璃瓶底聚集的卵石将水面抬高，小玩具漂浮到瓶口，然后乌鸦一下就把玩具叼了出来。
Bees 蜜蜂
Bees are known mostly for their sting. But they are also highly intelligent little creatures. Researchers taught bees to identify which of two horizontal lines was above the other. When they got the answer right, they received a sugar-syrup reward. The thing is, the researchers only taught them how to identify whether lines that were horizontal were above or below. So, when the researchers showed the buzzers vertical lines, the bees simply flew away. They knew there was no way to get that tasty treat!
说起蜜蜂，第一反应多是它们屁股上的刺会蜇人。但蜜蜂也是一群有着相当高IQ的小家伙们。研究职员教会蜜蜂分辨两条水平线中哪一条更高。当蜜蜂选对了，会得到糖浆作为奖赏。结果，蜜蜂只学了分辨水平线，当研究职员让它们分辨垂直线的时候，它们完全不予理睬。由于它们了解，除去水平线都没糖吃。
OcTOPuses 章鱼
OcTOPuses are in a league of their own. Most invertebrates don’t have the level of intelligence that scientists say these weirdly shaped sea creatures do. In one cool study, researchers tested whether the creatures would be able to distinguish between two different people. They had two individuals interact with an ocTOPus, with one acting extremely friendly and another being cold and standoffish. After a short while, when the two people would enter their living area, the ocTOPus would ignore the impersonal one in favor of the more friendly guest.
章鱼可谓别具一格。科学家觉得，这类海底的异形拥有大部分无脊椎动物没办法企及的IQ。在一项构思巧妙的研究中，研究职员针对章鱼能否分辨两个不一样的人进行了测试。他们让两个人和章鱼互动，一个人表现得极为友善，而另外一个人表现得非常冷漠还有的不友好。经过一小段时间，当这两个人进入章鱼的居处的时候，它会忽略掉讨厌的那个人，而选择友善的那一个人。
